EXERCISE 1

1. What is emotion? give some examples to support your answer.

Answer : Emotion is an expression of our feeling. 

The examples of emotions are love, hate, joy, sad, happy, despair, etc.
            2. How does emotion come to you? Give the example to make your idea clearer.
            Answer: Emotion come upon you suddenly.

 You do not thinks emotions, you feel  them. The example is this is an uncaged tiger,

 I have heard that tigers sometimes kill and eat human beings. I am a human beings, 

so I will now be afraid of the tiger." Instead, you feel afraid instantly upon finding your self near

a tiger out of its cage. You do not think afraid, you feel afraid

.3. You do not think emotion, you feel them (p.2). what does this statement mean?

Answer : the meaning of that statement is emotion come upon us suddenly.

 We don’t thinks emotions but we feel them.

4. What is your opinion if someone doesn’t have unconscious thought?

Answer : if someone doesn’t have unconscious thought he/her can’t bring out his/her emotion. 

5. Observe the statement of the first and the last sentences of 

paragraph 5. What do you think of the relationship of both?

Answer : the statement “People seem to be born with a few emotions and gradually 

learn the rest” means people must learn many kind of emotion when they grow and life in the world,

 the emotion can be learn from the family, school and 

environment.The statement “The fears of falling and loud sounds do not have to be 

learn” means that we don’t have learn fears of falling and loud sounds because when we born(baby), 

we already feel fears falling and loud sounds.

6. How do babies “learn” to be afraid of the dangerous things?

Answer : the baby learn to be afraid of the dangerous things from the parents, 

and environment or something aroun her/his.

7. What happens if we do not have emotion?

Answer : we can’t feel anything, we don’t know the bittersweet of this word, feel 

happy, sad, delight, despair, etc.

8. What is the relationship between emotion and our body?

Answer : Emotion also affect your body in ways you are not aware of fear cause the 

adrenal glands to secret into your blood a chemical substance called adrenaline.

              EXERCISE 2
             Read the paragraph in which following italicized idioms or expression are found. 
             Then choose the best meaning of idioms or expression as used in the context in the 
             article

1.       You love some people and hate some.

2.       Emotion can be aroused when information comes to you through your sense.

3.       Emotion also affect your body in ways you are not aware of.

EXERCISE 3

1. After the car had knocked her down, she locked unconscious for half an hour.

2. Ari was so frightened when his friend jumped down from the tree that he screamed loudly.

3. Some students stand at the corner of the class in nervous and trembling because teacher will punish them.

4. Last night we watched Kirun on TV. He was very funny. He made us laugh.

5. Titi hate anyone listening while she was telephoning.

6. The naughty boy takes great delight in pulling the cat’s tail.

7. He was filled with despair when he read the examination questions because the questions were too difficult.

8. His anger at the government’s policy caused him resign.

9. Afi is chosen as the best student in his class : he is all love.

10. I have five children. Four of them died because of an accident. Now I have a child olny. He is my last hope.

LANGUAGE WORK

Pay attention to this sentence :

1. Emotion can be aroused by thoughts (p3)(passive sentence)

Thoughts can arouse emotion(active sentence)

2. Thought you are not aware of can also bring out emotion. (p4)(active sentence)

Emotion can also be brought out by thoughts you are not aware of(passive sentence)

Remember :
           Passive modals can be formed by modals (can, must, should, will, may, might) + past 
          participle (VIII).The general from is the same as the passive sentence.

EXERCISE 4

1.    You can probably repeat your name, address, telephone number and the name of your teacher without looking them up.

    Answer : your name, address, telephone number and the name of your teacher  can probably be repeated (by  You) without looking them up.

2.     Intelligent person can use knowledge in new situations or problems

     Answer : knowledge can be used by  Intelligent person in new situations or problems.

3.     Animals can’t do mathematics because they do not have intelligence. 
     Answer : mathematics can’t be done by  Animals because they do not have intelligence.

4.     Sigmund Freud said that unconscious ideas can affect health.

     Answer : health can be affected by unconscious ideas has been said by Sigmund Freud.

5.      Medical treatment can best help people suffering from drugs.

     Answer : people suffering from drugs can be helped best by Medical treatment

6.      You should open the wine by smiling. 
     Answer : the wine should be opened (by  You) by smiling.

7.      Senior students will serve students by from expression.

     Answer : students will be served by Senior students by from expression.

8.      People must not leave bicycles in the hall.

     Answer : bicycles must not be leaved by People in the hall.

9.       Members may keep books for three weeks. After that they must return them.

     Answer : books may be kept by Members for three weeks. After that they must be returned by them.

EXERCISE 5

1.       Something will only be brought to mind under certain condition.

     Answer : only under certain condition will bring Something to mind.

2.      Many psychologist be have that intelligence can be measured with various kinds of tests.

     Answer : Many psychologist be have that various kinds of tests can measure intelligence.

3.       Many animals can be trained to do things they do not other else do.

     Answer : (subject) can train Many animals to do things they do not other else do.

4.       Every dresses will be worn.

     Answer : (subject) will wear Every dresses.

5.       Someone will have to be found to take her place.

     Answer : (Subject) will have to find someone to take her place.

6.       This rumor must have been started by our opponents.

     Answer : our opponents must have started This rumor .

7.       Your money could be put to a good use instead of being left idle in the bank.

     Answer : you can put Your money to a good use instead of being left idle in the bank.

UNIT 9

EMOTION

You have surely been angry at someone, and you have been afraid of something. You love some people and hate some. Anger and fear, love and hate are emotions. Some other emotions are joy, hope, delight despair, sadness and disgust. Every one has emotions.

Emotions come upon you suddenly. You do not thinks emotions, you feel them. You do not think, "This is an uncaged tiger, I have heard that tigers sometimes kill and eat human beings. I am a human beings, so I will now be afraid of the tiger." Instead, you feel afraid instantly upon finding your self near a tiger out of its cage. You do not think afraid, you feel afraid.

Emotion can be aroused when information comes to your trough your senses. You see someone dear to you, and you feel love. You hear a scraping sound in a dark room, and you feel fear. You smell an unpleasant odor, and you feel disgusted Emotions can also be aroused by thoughts. You think of a test you are not ready to take, and you feel fear or sense defeat.

Thought you are not aware of can also bring out emotions. These are called unconscious thoughts. For instance, when you were very small, you may have been scared by a big, barking dog. You forgot about this unpleasant happening, but it is stored in your unconscious memory. You may now be nervous of a big dogs.

People seem to be born with a few emotions and gradually learn the rest. A newborn baby fears falling and loud sounds. Yet very young babies do not seem to fear anything else. They must learn to be afraid of fire, dangerous animals, and other things that can harm them. The fears of falling and loud sounds do not have to be learn.

The “word” emotion comes from the Latin word exmovere, meaning “to move you, or to stir up”. Your emotions move you, carry you away, stir you up, and cause you to act. Joy may make up jump up and down, clap your hands, and smile or laugh. Fear may make you run and scream, or stand and tremble.

Emotion also affect your body in ways you are not aware of fear cause the adrenal glands to secret into your blood a chemical substance called adrenaline. Adrenaline makes your heart beat faster, your blood to go from your muscles, stopping digestion. Sugar stored in your muscles and liver is sent into your blood. You may tremble and perspire. Your body is ready to react to what is causing your fear. You may run away, or try to fight or hide.

Translate

EMOSI

              Anda pasti pernah marah pada seseorang, dan Anda pernah takut  akan sesuatu. Anda mencintai beberapa orang dan membenci beberapa orang. Kemarahan dan rasa takut, cinta dan benci adalah emosi. Beberapa emosi lain sukacita, harapan, keputusasaan, kesenangan, kesedihan dan jijik. Setiap orang memiliki emosi.

                Emosi datang secara  tiba-tiba. Anda tidak berpikir mengenai emosi,  tetapi Anda merasakan emosi. Anda tidak berpikir, "Ini adalah harimau yang tidak dikurung,  aku telah mendengar bahwa harimau kadang-kadang membunuh dan memakan manusia. Saya seorang manusia, jadi saya  takut harimau." Sebaliknya, Anda merasa takut setelah menemukan diri Anda dekat  harimau yang keluar dari kandangnya.  Anda tidak berpikir takut,  Anda merasa takut.

                 Emosi dapat muncul ketika informasi datang ke Anda melalui indera Anda.  Anda melihat rasa sayang seseorang untuk Anda, dan Anda merasa cinta. Anda mendengar suara gesekan dalam ruangan gelap, dan Anda merasa takut. Anda mencium bau yang tidak menyenangkan, dan Anda merasa jijik. Emosi juga bisa terangsang oleh pikiran.  Anda memikirkan tes yang  tidak siap anda ambil, dan Anda merasa takut atau kalah.

Pemikiran Anda yang  tak sadar juga dapat mengeluarkan emosi.  Ini disebut pikiran bawah sadar.  Sebagai contoh, ketika Anda kecil, Anda mungkin telah takut dengan anjing besar yang menggonggong.  Anda lupa hal ini terjadi tidak menyenangkan, tetapi disimpan dalam memori bawah sadar Anda.  Anda sekarang bisa gugup dari anjing besar.

Orang-orang tampaknya lahir dengan beberapa emosi dan secara bertahap dan sisanya adalah tahap belajar.  Seorang bayi baru lahir takut akan  jatuh dan bersuara keras.  Namun bayi yang  sangat muda tampaknya tidak takut apa-apa lagi. Mereka harus belajar untuk takut api, binatang berbahaya, dan hal-hal lain yang dapat membahayakan mereka. Rasa takut jatuh dan suara keras tidak harus belajar.

The "Kata" emosi berasal dari exmovere kata Latin, yang berarti "untuk Anda bergerak,  atau untuk membangkitkan". Emosi  menggerakkan Anda, membawa Anda pergi, mengaduk Anda, dan menyebabkan Anda untuk bertindak.  Kegembiraan dapat membuat anda melompat  dan terjun, bertepuk tangan, dan tersenyum atau tertawa. Ketakutan dapat membuat Anda lari dan menjerit, atau berdiri dan gemetar.
Emosi juga mempengaruhi tubuh Anda dalam cara-cara Anda tidak menyadari ketakutan menyebabkan kelenjar adrenal untuk rahasia ke dalam darah Anda suatu zat kimia yang disebut adrenalin. Adrenalin membuat jantung Anda berdetak lebih cepat, darah Anda mengalir dari otot Anda, pencernaan berhenti. Gula disimpan dalam otot dan hati dikirim ke dalam darah Anda. Anda dapat gemetar dan berkeringat. Tubuh Anda siap untuk bereaksi terhadap apa yang menyebabkan rasa takut Anda. Anda dapat melarikan diri, atau mencoba untuk melawan atau menyembunyikan.

UNIT 8

EXERCISE 1

Change the active to the passive by supplying the correct from of be.

1. Tom opens the door.

Answer : The door is opened by Tom.

2. Tom is opening the door.

Answer : The door is being opened by Tom.

3. Tom has opened the door.

Answer : The door has been opened by Tom.

4. Tom opened the door.

Answer : The door was opened by Tom.

5. Tom was opening the door.

Answer : The door was being opened by Tom.

6. Tom had opened the door.

Answer : The door had been opened by Tom.

7. Tom will open the door.

Answer : The door will be opened by Tom.

8. Tom is going to open the door.

Answer : The door is going to be opened by Tom.

9. Tom will have opened the door.

Answer : The door will have been opened by Tom.

EXERCISE 2

Change the active to the passive.

1. Shakespeare wrote the play.

Answer : That play was written by Shakespeare.

2. Bill will invite Ann to the party.

Answer : Ann will be invited to the party by Bill.

3. Alex is preparing that report.

Answer : That report is being prepared by Alex.

4. Waitresses and waiters serve costumers.

Answer : The costumers are served by waitresses  dan waiters.

5. The teacher is going to explain the lesson.

Answer : The lesson is going to be explained by the teacher.

6. Shirley has suggested a new Idea.

Answer : A new idea has been suggested by Shirley.

7. Two horses were pulling the farmers’s wagon.

Answer : The farmers’s wagon were being pulled by two horses.

8. Kathy had returned the book in the library.

Answer : The book had been returned by Kathy in the library.

9. By this time tomorrow,  the president will have the announcement.

Answer : The announcement will be have been by the president by this tomorrow.

10. I didn’t write that note. Jim wrote it.

Answer : That note wasn't written by me. it was written by jim 

11. Alice didn’t make the pie. Did Mrs. French make it?

Answer : The pie wasn't made by Alice, was it made by mrs. french?

12. Does Prof. Jackson teach that course? I know that Prof. Adams doesn’t teach it.

Answer : Is that course taught by prof. jackson? i know that it is not taught by prof. Adams.

13. Mrs. Andrews hasn’t signed those papers yet. Has Mr. Andrews signed them yet?

Answer : Those paper haven't been signed by mrs.andrew yet. have been them signed by mrs. andrew yet ?

14. Is Mr. Brown painting your house ?

Answer : Is your house being painted by Mr. Brown ?

15. His tricks won’t fool me.

Answer : I will not be fallen by his tricks.

EXERCISE 3 :

Change the active to passive if possible. Some verbs are intransitive and cannot be changed.

1. A strange thing happened yesterday. (no change)

2. Jackie scored the winning goal.

Answer : The winning goal was scored by Jackie.

3. My cat died.  (no change)

4. I agree with Dr. Ikeda’s theory. (no change)

5. Dr. Ikeda developed that theory.

Answer : That theory was developed by Dr. Ikeda.

6. Timmy dropped the cup.

Answer : The cup was dropped by Timmy.

7. The cup fell to the floor. (no change)

8. The assistant manager interviewed me.

Answer : I was interviewed by the assistant manager.

9. It rained hard yesterday. (no change)

10.A hurricane destroyed the small fishing village.

Answer : The small fishing village was destroyed by a hurricane.

11. Dinosaurs existed millions of year ago. (no change)

12. A large vase stands in the corner of our front hallway. (no change)

13. The children seemed happy when they went to the zoo. (no change)

14. After class, one of the students always erases the chalkboard.

Answer : the chalkboard is always erasered by one of the student after class.

15. The solution to my problem speared to me in a dream. (no change)

EXERCISE 4

Why is the use of passive appropriate in the following sentences? What would be the active equivalents of the passive sentences.

(Because using passive in order to focus attention on the subject of the sentence)

1. My sweater was made in England.

Active : I made my sweater in England.

2. The new highway will be completed sometime next month.

Active : the new highway are going to complete sometime next month

3. Language skill are taught in every school in the country.

Active : In the country , every school teach language skill.

4. Beethoven’s Seventh Symphony was performed at the concert last night.

Active : Last night, Beethoven’s Seventh Symphony performed at the concert.

5. The world cup soccer games are being televised all over the world. 

Active : Allover the world are televising the world cup soccer games.

6. This composition was written by Ali. That one was written by Yoko.

Active : Ali wrote this composition. Yoko wrote that one.

7. The Washington Monument is visited by hundreds of people every day.

Active : Hundreds of people visits  The Washington Monument every day.

8. The chief writting material of ancient times was papyrus. It was used in Egypt, Greece, and other Mediteranean lands.

Active : The chief writting material of ancient times was papyrus. In Egypt, Greece, and other Mediteranean lands used it.

9. Parchment, another writting material that was widely used in ancient times, was made from the skin of animal such as sheep and goats.

Active : the ancient people are using parchement, the skin of animal such as sheep and goats for writing material

10. Paper, the main writting material today, was invented by the Chinese.

Active : Chinese invented paper, the main writting material today.

EXERCISE 5

Change the following active sentences to passive sentences if possible (some of the verbs are intransitive and cannot be changed). Keep the same tenses. Include the “by phrase” only if necessary.

1. People grow corn in low a.

Answer : corn is grown in low a.

2. Peter came here two months ago. (no change)

3. Someone made this antique table in 1734.

Answer : This antique table was made in 1734.

4. An accident happened at the corner of Senayan street. (no change)

5. Someone stole my purse.

Answer : my purse was stolen.

6. Someone was making the coffee when I walked into the kitchen.

Answer : The coffee was being made when  I walked into the kitchen.

7. Translator have translated that book into many languages.

Answer : that book have been translated into many languages.

8. Jim’s daughter drew that picture. My son drew this picture.

Answer : that picture was drew by Jim’s daughter. This picture was drew by my son.

9. The judges will judge the applicants on the basis of their originality.

Answer : the applicants will be judged on the basis of their originality.

10. My sister’s plane will arrive at 10.35.  (no change)

11. Is Proffessor Rivers teaching that course this semester?

Answer : That course is being teached by Proffesor Rivers in this semester?

12. When did someone invent to radio?
Answer : When was the radio invented?

13. The mail carrier had already delivered the mail by the time I left for school this morning.

Answer : The mail had been already delivered by the time I left for school this morning.

14. When is someone going to announce the result of the contest? 
Answer : When are the results of the contest going to be announced

15. After the concert was over, hundreds of fans mobbed the rock music star outside the theater.

Answer : the rock music star was mobbed by hudreds of fans outside the theater after concert was over.

16. Ever since I arrived here, I have been living in the dormitory because someone, old me that is was cheaper to live there than in a apartement.
Answer : Ever since I arrived here, I have been living in the dormitory because I was told that it is cheaper to live there in an appartment.

17. They are going to build the new hospital next year. They have already built the new elementary school.

Answer : The new hospital is going to be built next year. The new elementary school have been already built.

18. If you expose a film to light while you are developing it, you will ruin the negatives.
Answer : If a film is exposed to light when you are developing it, the negatives will be ruined.

EXERCISE 6

Find the INDIRECT OBJECT in each sentence, and make it th focus of attention by using it as the subject of a passive sentence. Use the “by phrase”only in necessary.

1. Someone handed Ann a menu at the restaurant.

(indirect object-Ann) – Ann was handed a menu at the restaurant.

2. Indian University has  awarded Peggy a scholarship.

(indirect object Peggy) – Peggy has been awarded a scholarship by Indian University.

3. Some company paid Fred three hundred dollars in consulting fees.

(indirect object Fred) – Fred was paid three hundred dollars in consulting fees by some company.

4. A local advertising company has offered Maria a good job.

(indirect object Maria) – Maria has beeb offered a good job by a local advertising company.

5. They will sent you a bill at the end of the month.

(indirect object you) – You will be sent a bill at the end of the month by them.

6. Someone will give the starving people a week’s supply of rice as soon as the food supplies arrive in the famine-stricken area.

(indirect object the starving people) – The starving people will be gave  a week’s supply of rice as soon as the food supplies arrive in the famine-stricken area.

EXERCISE 7- ORAL (BOOKS CLOSED)

Change active to passive.

Example : Someone built  that house ten years ago.

Respone : That house was built ten years ago.

1. Someone invited you to a party.

Respone : I was invited by someone to a party.

2. Someone wrote that book in 1987.

Respone : That book was written by someon in 1987.

3. (Arista) Wrote that book in 1987.

Respone : That book was written by Arista in 1987.

4. People grow rice in many countries.

Respone : Rice is grown by peeople in many countries.

5. The secretary is typing the letter.

Respone : The letter is being typed by the secretary.

6. Someone is televising the game.

Respone : The game is being televised by someone.

7. Teachers teach reading in the first grade.

Respone : Reading is taught by teacher in the first grade.

8. Someone has offered  (Mia) a good job.

Respone : Mia has been offered a good job by someone.

9. Someone told you to be here at ten.

Respone : I was told to be here at ten.

10. Someone published that book in 1985.

Respone : That book was published in 1985.

11. Someone has sent Charisma an invitation to a wedding.

Respone : Charisma has been sent an invitation to a wedding.

12. Someone made that hat in Mexico.

Respone : That hat was made in Mexico.

13. In the early 80s, photographs of Mars was sent back to earth by unmanned space probes. From these photographs, scientist have been able to make detailed maps of the surface of Mars.

14. A network of  lines discovered on Mars astronomer called these line “channels”, but when the Italian word translated into English, it became “canals”. As a result, some people thought the lines were waterways that were built by  some uknown living creatures. We now know that the lines are not really canals. Canals was not exist on Mars.

EXERCISE 8

Complete the sentences with the given words, active or passive.

1. James should be told the news as soon as possible.

2. Someone should tell  James the news immediately.

3. James should have been told the news a long time ago.

4. Meat must be kept in a refrigerator or it will spoil.

5. You must keep meat in a refrigerator  or it will spoil.

6. We tried, but the window could’t be opened it was painted shut.

7. I tried, but I couldn’t open the window.

8. Good news! I may be offered a joob soon. I had an interviewed at an engineering firm yesterday.

9. Chris has good news. The engineering firm where she had an interviewed yesterday may offer her a job soon.

10. I hope Christ accepts our job offer, but I know she’s been having interviews with several companies. She may have been already offered a job by a competing firm before we made our offer.

11. A competing firm may have already offered Chris a joob before we made our offer.